The risks of transmission of devastating and sometimes fatal viral infections from homologous blood transfusion have caused concern among patients undergoing elective major surgical procedures. Autologous blood transfusions eliminate the potential risk posed by these viruses. A well-informed primary care physician can help patients undergoing elective surgical procedures to determine whether autologous blood transfusion is an appropriate therapeutic alternative. A well-equipped and certified blood bank will allow patients to donate autologous units while keeping patient risk at a minimum.