Osteopathic Graduate Medical Education 2012

Andrea DeRosier; Terri A. Lischka

doi:10.7556/jaoa.2012.112.4.196

Abstract

The authors report on the status of osteopathic graduate medical education training for the 2010-2011 academic year. Data are presented on approved programs and trainee positions, including distribution by state and by specialty. The authors also examine other trends in postdoctoral training including programs dually accredited by the American Osteopathic Association and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.

The annual report on osteopathic graduate medical education (OGME) is based primarily on annual data provided through the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) Intern/Resident Registration Program (ie, the AOA Match) and the AOA Trainee Information, Verification, and Registration Audit reporting system. Data in the present article are current as of May 31, 2011, and are reported primarily for the 2010-2011 academic year. Information on AOA-approved postdoctoral training programs and positions is drawn from the AOA database, and program information data are current as of May 31, 2011, except where otherwise noted.

OGME Programs and Positions

The AOA Program and Trainee Review Council (PTRC) reviews and approves all OGME programs and positions. For the 2010-2011 academic year, 9110 positions were approved in 827 residency programs (Table 1). This number of AOA-approved positions is an increase from the 2009-2010 academic year, at which time 8501 positions in 792 residency programs were approved.¹ The number of internship programs and approved internship positions continues to decline because of the internship restructuring program that began in 2008. Beginning July 1, 2008, the first year of training in a residency was accepted in lieu of the internship year and, for most specialties, the internship year was no longer needed for completion of a residency.^1-3 Internship positions for the 2010-2011 academic year totaled 1284 in 134 programs compared with 1318 positions in 142 programs for the 2009-2010 academic year. Internship and residency positions have increased by 575, or 5.9%, since the 2009-2010 academic year.

Table 1.

No. of AOA-Approved Residency and Internship Programs and Trainees Filling Available Positions as Reported by State, 2010-2011 Academic Year^a

	Internship Programs			Residency Programs			Total
State	Programs	Positions	Trainees	Programs	Positions	Trainees	Programs	Positions	Trainees
Alabama	0	0	0	1	18	0	1	18	0
Alaska	0	0	0	1	9	6	1	9	6
Arizona	0	0	0	8	82	45	8	82	45
Arkansas	0	0	0	2	15	4	2	15	4
California	6	69	34	25	317	205	31	386	239
Colorado	0	0	0	2	39	10	2	39	10
Connecticut	1	12	0	1	11	8	2	23	8
Delaware	1	15	10	1	24	9	2	39	19
Florida	9	122	65	58	734	378	67	856	443
Georgia	1	4	2	4	47	15	5	51	17
Illinois	4	36	30	42	443	286	46	479	316
Indiana	1	3	1	3	23	15	4	26	16
Iowa	0	0	0	4	40	30	4	40	30
Kansas	0	0	0	1	13	12	1	13	12
Kentucky	2	9	6	6	51	18	8	60	24
Maine	0	0	0	6	72	46	6	72	46
Massachusetts	1	4	4	2	18	13	3	22	17
Michigan	20	202	88	191	1947	1351	211	2149	1439
Minnesota	0	0	0	2	14	13	2	14	13
Mississippi	0	0	0	3	30	13	3	30	13
Missouri	3	15	11	21	166	120	24	181	131
Nevada	1	15	12	7	95	62	8	110	74
New Jersey	6	72	28	56	628	366	62	700	394
New York	18	218	107	69	918	554	87	1136	661
North Carolina	2	17	1	4	52	8	6	69	9
Ohio	10	94	29	100	898	632	110	992	661
Oklahoma	2	16	5	28	291	227	30	307	232
Oregon	1	12	6	8	76	19	9	88	25
Pennsylvania	31	254	119	99	1213	839	130	1467	958
Rhode Island	0	0	0	4	50	28	4	50	28
South Carolina	0	0	0	1	14	13	1	14	13
Tennessee	0	0	0	3	33	17	3	33	17
Texas	4	32	7	24	209	120	28	241	127
Virginia	3	26	12	14	218	96	17	244	108
Washington	0	0	0	3	17	8	3	17	8
West Virginia	7	37	14	20	223	100	27	260	114
Wisconsin	0	0	0	2	50	38	2	50	38
Wyoming	0	0	0	1	12	7	1	12	7
Total	134	1284	591	827	9110	5731	961	10,394	6322

^a Data shown represent positions approved by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) Program and Trainee Review Council for the academic year indicated. Data are current as of May 31, 2011. No internship or residency positions are currently approved by the AOA in the District of Columbia or in the following states: Hawaii, Idaho, Louisiana, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Vermont.

Source: Training Programs by State: Year-End Reports, Division of Postdoctoral Training, AOA, Chicago, Illinois.

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Table 1.

No. of AOA-Approved Residency and Internship Programs and Trainees Filling Available Positions as Reported by State, 2010-2011 Academic Year^a

	Internship Programs			Residency Programs			Total
State	Programs	Positions	Trainees	Programs	Positions	Trainees	Programs	Positions	Trainees
Alabama	0	0	0	1	18	0	1	18	0
Alaska	0	0	0	1	9	6	1	9	6
Arizona	0	0	0	8	82	45	8	82	45
Arkansas	0	0	0	2	15	4	2	15	4
California	6	69	34	25	317	205	31	386	239
Colorado	0	0	0	2	39	10	2	39	10
Connecticut	1	12	0	1	11	8	2	23	8
Delaware	1	15	10	1	24	9	2	39	19
Florida	9	122	65	58	734	378	67	856	443
Georgia	1	4	2	4	47	15	5	51	17
Illinois	4	36	30	42	443	286	46	479	316
Indiana	1	3	1	3	23	15	4	26	16
Iowa	0	0	0	4	40	30	4	40	30
Kansas	0	0	0	1	13	12	1	13	12
Kentucky	2	9	6	6	51	18	8	60	24
Maine	0	0	0	6	72	46	6	72	46
Massachusetts	1	4	4	2	18	13	3	22	17
Michigan	20	202	88	191	1947	1351	211	2149	1439
Minnesota	0	0	0	2	14	13	2	14	13
Mississippi	0	0	0	3	30	13	3	30	13
Missouri	3	15	11	21	166	120	24	181	131
Nevada	1	15	12	7	95	62	8	110	74
New Jersey	6	72	28	56	628	366	62	700	394
New York	18	218	107	69	918	554	87	1136	661
North Carolina	2	17	1	4	52	8	6	69	9
Ohio	10	94	29	100	898	632	110	992	661
Oklahoma	2	16	5	28	291	227	30	307	232
Oregon	1	12	6	8	76	19	9	88	25
Pennsylvania	31	254	119	99	1213	839	130	1467	958
Rhode Island	0	0	0	4	50	28	4	50	28
South Carolina	0	0	0	1	14	13	1	14	13
Tennessee	0	0	0	3	33	17	3	33	17
Texas	4	32	7	24	209	120	28	241	127
Virginia	3	26	12	14	218	96	17	244	108
Washington	0	0	0	3	17	8	3	17	8
West Virginia	7	37	14	20	223	100	27	260	114
Wisconsin	0	0	0	2	50	38	2	50	38
Wyoming	0	0	0	1	12	7	1	12	7
Total	134	1284	591	827	9110	5731	961	10,394	6322

^a Data shown represent positions approved by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) Program and Trainee Review Council for the academic year indicated. Data are current as of May 31, 2011. No internship or residency positions are currently approved by the AOA in the District of Columbia or in the following states: Hawaii, Idaho, Louisiana, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Vermont.

Source: Training Programs by State: Year-End Reports, Division of Postdoctoral Training, AOA, Chicago, Illinois.

The number of trainees in OGME programs continues to grow (Figure 1). In the 2010-2011 academic year, 6322 DOs trained in AOA-approved programs, an increase of 517 trainees, or 8.9%, from the previous academic year.¹

Figure 1.

Trends of osteopathic physician (ie, DO) enrollment in osteopathic and allopathic postdoctoral training programs.^4-6 Data may change and should be considered incomplete until finalized in the 2013 osteopathic medical education issue of JAOA—The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. Data for academic years 1999-2000 through 2009-2010 were previously published in the JAOA.^{7 a}Total college of osteopathic medicine (COM) graduates do not include previous years' graduates. ^bTotal DOs in American Osteopathic Association (AOA) internships include trainees who matched to osteopathic internship positions during both the Match and post-Match scramble. ^cRestructuring of the AOA internship, effective July 1, 2008. Abbreviation: ACGME, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.

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Table 2 identifies the number of residency programs, approved positions, and trainees by specialty for the past 3 academic years. On the basis of feedback we have received from hospital and program directors, primary care specialties directly support the needs of the hospitals and therefore have the greatest number of slots. Specifically, family practice and internal medicine continue to show strong growth in terms of the number of programs, positions, and trainees. Internal medicine showed the most growth this past year with an additional 6 programs, 196 positions, and 139 trainees. Family practice grew by 5 programs, 162 positions, and 134 trainees.

Table 2.

No. of AOA-Approved Residency Programs, Positions, and Residents as Reported by Academic Year and Specialty

	2008-2009			2009-2010			2010-2011
Specialty	Programs	Positions	Residents	Programs	Positions	Residents	Programs	Positions	Residents
Anesthesiology	12	107	92	12	112	96	12	118	107
Anesthesiology and pain management	2	3	1	2	3	2	2	3	2
Pediatric anesthesiology	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	0
Dermatology	20	123	93	22	130	94	23	137	106
MOHS micrographic surgery	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
Diagnostic Radiology	14	133	120	15	156	114	15	161	129
Pediatric radiology	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	0
Radiology (vascular interventional)	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Emergency Medicine	43	979	780	44	1007	810	45	1042	839
Emergency medical service	2	3	0	1	1	0	1	1	1
Family Practice	184	2341	1056	187	2391	1213	192	2553	1347
Geriatrics (family practice)	6	27	2	8	33	2	10	37	2
Internal Medicine	88	1320	672	96	1476	796	102	1672	935
Allergy and immunology	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	0
Cardiac electrophysiology	1	3	0	2	5	1	2	5	0
Cardiology	23	148	84	23	148	82	24	156	90
Cardiology (interventional)	10	25	9	11	28	5	12	29	11
Critical care medicine	5	13	4	7	17	7	8	20	8
Endocrinology	3	6	4	3	6	3	3	6	3
Gastroenterology	12	51	24	13	60	32	13	63	39
Geriatrics (internal medicine)	3	11	0	4	13	0	5	15	2
Hematology and oncology	4	11	5	5	14	9	5	14	11
Infectious diseases	2	8	2	2	8	2	2	8	2
Nephrology	7	20	8	7	20	10	7	20	8
Oncology	3	9	1	4	12	0	4	12	0
Pulmonary (critical care)	7	22	11	7	24	14	8	31	17
Pulmonary medicine	4	11	2	4	11	2	4	11	3
Rheumatology	3	8	7	4	10	7	4	12	9
Neurology	7	61	31	7	74	47	7	74	54
NMM and OMM	8	38	17	8	40	16	7	38	17
NMM Plus 1	19	62	14	17	55	24	20	63	20
Obstetrics and Gynecology	31	370	247	30	380	265	29	363	295
Gynecologic oncology	3	9	7	3	9	6	3	9	8
Maternal and fetal medicine	2	7	6	3	10	5	3	10	4
Reproductive endocrinology	1	3	2	3	9	2	4	12	1
Ophthalmology	12	57	44	12	58	44	12	58	46
Orthopedic Surgery	31	465	393	33	497	407	35	520	419
Hand surgery	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	0
Musculoskeletal oncology	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Orthopedic spine surgery	2	3	0	2	3	0	1	1	0
Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery	19	132	103	19	134	114	20	143	120
Otolaryngic allergy	2	6	1	2	6	3	3	9	3
Pathology	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Forensic pathology	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
Pediatrics	17	225	130	17	229	140	18	250	153
Pediatric allergy and immunology	1	2	2	1	2	2	1	2	2
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine	3	28	23	3	29	26	4	38	23
Preventive Medicine and Public Health	1	3	0	1	3	1	1	3	0
Preventive Medicine (Occupational and Environmental)	1	3	0	1	3	1	1	3	1
Proctology	2	5	2	2	5	3	2	5	2
Psychiatry	9	95	32	11	127	49	13	151	65
Child psychiatry	2	8	4	2	8	1	3	12	3
Geriatric psychiatry	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	1
Surgery (General)	41	536	435	42	571	455	43	620	481
Cardiothoracic surgery	1	9	0	1	9	0	1	9	0
General vascular surgery	9	20	4	7	15	3	8	17	6
Neurologic surgery	11	97	81	11	99	86	11	103	83
Plastic and reconstructive surgery	6	21	16	7	24	16	7	24	16
Urologic surgery	11	123	55	9	82	66	10	98	68
Combined
Emergency medicine and family medicine	5	59	32	5	64	37	4	60	38
Emergency medicine and internal medicine	12	130	92	12	133	80	11	129	82
Integrated family medicine/NMM	7	49	21	6	40	18	8	64	18
Pediatrics and internal medicine	2	18	10	2	18	10	1	10	10
Conjoint^a
Hospice and palliative care	2	4	0	4	9	1	5	10	2
Pediatric emergency medicine	NA	NA	NA	1	6	0	1	6	0
Sleep medicine	1	2	0	1	2	1	1	2	0
Sports medicine	16	47	12	17	47	16	17	47	19
Undersea and hyperbaric medicine	NA	NA	NA	1	2	0	1	2	0
Total	762	8094	4794	792	8501	5247	827	9110	5731

^a Hospice and palliative care, pediatric emergency medicine, sleep medicine, sports medicine, and undersea and hyperbaric medicine are fellowships governed by Conjoint Standards by 2 or more specialties.

Abbreviations: AOA, American Osteopathic Association; NMM, neuromusculoskeletal medicine; OMM, osteopathic manipulative medicine.

Sources: AOA Intern/Resident Contracts received by the division of postdoctoral training for the academic years shown (taken annually on May 31); and AOA's Trainee Information, Verification and Registration Audit system, or TIVRA, academic years 2010-2011. Data for the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 academic years have been reported previously in JAOA—The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.^1,7

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Table 2.

No. of AOA-Approved Residency Programs, Positions, and Residents as Reported by Academic Year and Specialty

	2008-2009			2009-2010			2010-2011
Specialty	Programs	Positions	Residents	Programs	Positions	Residents	Programs	Positions	Residents
Anesthesiology	12	107	92	12	112	96	12	118	107
Anesthesiology and pain management	2	3	1	2	3	2	2	3	2
Pediatric anesthesiology	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	0
Dermatology	20	123	93	22	130	94	23	137	106
MOHS micrographic surgery	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
Diagnostic Radiology	14	133	120	15	156	114	15	161	129
Pediatric radiology	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	0
Radiology (vascular interventional)	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Emergency Medicine	43	979	780	44	1007	810	45	1042	839
Emergency medical service	2	3	0	1	1	0	1	1	1
Family Practice	184	2341	1056	187	2391	1213	192	2553	1347
Geriatrics (family practice)	6	27	2	8	33	2	10	37	2
Internal Medicine	88	1320	672	96	1476	796	102	1672	935
Allergy and immunology	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	0
Cardiac electrophysiology	1	3	0	2	5	1	2	5	0
Cardiology	23	148	84	23	148	82	24	156	90
Cardiology (interventional)	10	25	9	11	28	5	12	29	11
Critical care medicine	5	13	4	7	17	7	8	20	8
Endocrinology	3	6	4	3	6	3	3	6	3
Gastroenterology	12	51	24	13	60	32	13	63	39
Geriatrics (internal medicine)	3	11	0	4	13	0	5	15	2
Hematology and oncology	4	11	5	5	14	9	5	14	11
Infectious diseases	2	8	2	2	8	2	2	8	2
Nephrology	7	20	8	7	20	10	7	20	8
Oncology	3	9	1	4	12	0	4	12	0
Pulmonary (critical care)	7	22	11	7	24	14	8	31	17
Pulmonary medicine	4	11	2	4	11	2	4	11	3
Rheumatology	3	8	7	4	10	7	4	12	9
Neurology	7	61	31	7	74	47	7	74	54
NMM and OMM	8	38	17	8	40	16	7	38	17
NMM Plus 1	19	62	14	17	55	24	20	63	20
Obstetrics and Gynecology	31	370	247	30	380	265	29	363	295
Gynecologic oncology	3	9	7	3	9	6	3	9	8
Maternal and fetal medicine	2	7	6	3	10	5	3	10	4
Reproductive endocrinology	1	3	2	3	9	2	4	12	1
Ophthalmology	12	57	44	12	58	44	12	58	46
Orthopedic Surgery	31	465	393	33	497	407	35	520	419
Hand surgery	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	0
Musculoskeletal oncology	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Orthopedic spine surgery	2	3	0	2	3	0	1	1	0
Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery	19	132	103	19	134	114	20	143	120
Otolaryngic allergy	2	6	1	2	6	3	3	9	3
Pathology	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Forensic pathology	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
Pediatrics	17	225	130	17	229	140	18	250	153
Pediatric allergy and immunology	1	2	2	1	2	2	1	2	2
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine	3	28	23	3	29	26	4	38	23
Preventive Medicine and Public Health	1	3	0	1	3	1	1	3	0
Preventive Medicine (Occupational and Environmental)	1	3	0	1	3	1	1	3	1
Proctology	2	5	2	2	5	3	2	5	2
Psychiatry	9	95	32	11	127	49	13	151	65
Child psychiatry	2	8	4	2	8	1	3	12	3
Geriatric psychiatry	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	1
Surgery (General)	41	536	435	42	571	455	43	620	481
Cardiothoracic surgery	1	9	0	1	9	0	1	9	0
General vascular surgery	9	20	4	7	15	3	8	17	6
Neurologic surgery	11	97	81	11	99	86	11	103	83
Plastic and reconstructive surgery	6	21	16	7	24	16	7	24	16
Urologic surgery	11	123	55	9	82	66	10	98	68
Combined
Emergency medicine and family medicine	5	59	32	5	64	37	4	60	38
Emergency medicine and internal medicine	12	130	92	12	133	80	11	129	82
Integrated family medicine/NMM	7	49	21	6	40	18	8	64	18
Pediatrics and internal medicine	2	18	10	2	18	10	1	10	10
Conjoint^a
Hospice and palliative care	2	4	0	4	9	1	5	10	2
Pediatric emergency medicine	NA	NA	NA	1	6	0	1	6	0
Sleep medicine	1	2	0	1	2	1	1	2	0
Sports medicine	16	47	12	17	47	16	17	47	19
Undersea and hyperbaric medicine	NA	NA	NA	1	2	0	1	2	0
Total	762	8094	4794	792	8501	5247	827	9110	5731

^a Hospice and palliative care, pediatric emergency medicine, sleep medicine, sports medicine, and undersea and hyperbaric medicine are fellowships governed by Conjoint Standards by 2 or more specialties.

Abbreviations: AOA, American Osteopathic Association; NMM, neuromusculoskeletal medicine; OMM, osteopathic manipulative medicine.

Sources: AOA Intern/Resident Contracts received by the division of postdoctoral training for the academic years shown (taken annually on May 31); and AOA's Trainee Information, Verification and Registration Audit system, or TIVRA, academic years 2010-2011. Data for the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 academic years have been reported previously in JAOA—The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.^1,7

The percentage of filled positions in osteopathic residency programs continues to increase. In the 2010-2011 academic year, there were 827 AOA-approved residency programs with 9110 approved positions, of which 5731 were filled, for a fill rate of 63%—an increase over the 62% fill rate for 2009-2010 and 59% fill rate for 2008-2009.^2,3,8,6

Table 3 notes AOA-approved residency programs and approved and filled positions. From 2009-2010 to 2010-2011 there was a net growth of 35 programs, 609 positions, and 484 trainees.

Table 3.

Net Growth From the 2009-2010 to 2010-2011 Academic Years of AOA-Approved Residency Programs, Positions, and Residents as Reported by Specialty

	No.
Specialty	Programs	Positions	Residents
Anesthesiology	0	6	11
Anesthesiology and pain management	0	0	0
Pediatric anesthesiology	0	0	0
Dermatology	1	7	12
MOHS micrographic surgery	0	0	-1
Diagnostic Radiology	0	5	15
Pediatric radiology	0	0	0
Radiology (vascular interventional)	0	0	0
Emergency Medicine	1	35	29
Emergency medical service	0	0	1
Family Practice	5	162	134
Geriatrics (family practice)	2	4	0
Internal Medicine	6	196	139
Allergy and immunology	1	4	0
Cardiac electrophysiology	0	0	-1
Cardiology	1	8	8
Cardiology (interventional)	1	1	6
Critical care medicine	1	3	1
Endocrinology	0	0	0
Gastroenterology	0	3	7
Geriatrics (internal medicine)	1	2	2
Hematology and oncology	0	0	2
Infectious diseases	0	0	0
Nephrology	0	0	-2
Oncology	0	0	0
Pulmonary (critical care)	1	7	3
Pulmonary medicine	0	0	1
Rheumatology	0	2	2
Neurology	0	0	7
NMM and OMM	-1	-2	1
NMM plus 1	3	8	-4
Obstetrics and Gynecology	-1	-17	30
Gynecologic oncology	0	0	2
Maternal and fetal medicine	0	0	-1
Reproductive endocrinology	1	3	-1
Ophthalmology	0	0	2
Orthopedic Surgery	2	23	12
Hand surgery	0	0	0
Musculoskeletal oncology	1	1	0
Orthopedic spine surgery	-1	-2	0
Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery	1	9	6
Otolaryngic allergy	1	3	0
Pathology	0	0	0
Forensic pathology	0	0	0
Pediatrics	1	21	13
Pediatric allergy and immunology	0	0	0
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine	1	9	-3
Preventive Medicine and Public Health	0	0	-1
Preventive medicine (occupational and environmental)	0	0	0
Proctology	0	0	-1
Psychiatry	2	24	16
Child psychiatry	1	4	2
Geriatric psychiatry	0	0	1
Surgery (General)	1	49	26
Cardiothoracic surgery	0	0	0
General vascular surgery	1	2	3
Neurological surgery	0	4	-3
Plastic and reconstructive surgery	0	0	0
Urologic surgery	1	16	2
Combined
Emergency medicine and family medicine	-1	-4	1
Emergency medicine and internal medicine	-1	-4	2
Integrated family medicine/NMM	2	24	0
Pediatrics and internal medicine	-1	-8	0
Conjoint^a
Hospice and palliative care	1	1	1
Pediatric emergency medicine	0	0	0
Sleep medicine	0	0	-1
Sports medicine	0	0	3
Undersea and hyperbaric medicine	0	0	0
Total	35	609	484

^a Hospice and palliative care, pediatric emergency medicine, sleep medicine, sports medicine, and undersea and hyperbaric medicine are fellowships governed by Conjoint Standards by 2 or more specialties.

Abbreviations: AOA, American Osteopathic Association; NMM, neuromusculoskeletal medicine; OMM, osteopathic manipulative medicine.

Sources: AOA Intern/Resident Contracts received by the division of postdoctoral training for the academic years shown (taken annually on May 31); and AOA's Trainee Information, Verification and Registration Audit system, or TIVRA, academic years 2010-2011.

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Table 3.

Net Growth From the 2009-2010 to 2010-2011 Academic Years of AOA-Approved Residency Programs, Positions, and Residents as Reported by Specialty

	No.
Specialty	Programs	Positions	Residents
Anesthesiology	0	6	11
Anesthesiology and pain management	0	0	0
Pediatric anesthesiology	0	0	0
Dermatology	1	7	12
MOHS micrographic surgery	0	0	-1
Diagnostic Radiology	0	5	15
Pediatric radiology	0	0	0
Radiology (vascular interventional)	0	0	0
Emergency Medicine	1	35	29
Emergency medical service	0	0	1
Family Practice	5	162	134
Geriatrics (family practice)	2	4	0
Internal Medicine	6	196	139
Allergy and immunology	1	4	0
Cardiac electrophysiology	0	0	-1
Cardiology	1	8	8
Cardiology (interventional)	1	1	6
Critical care medicine	1	3	1
Endocrinology	0	0	0
Gastroenterology	0	3	7
Geriatrics (internal medicine)	1	2	2
Hematology and oncology	0	0	2
Infectious diseases	0	0	0
Nephrology	0	0	-2
Oncology	0	0	0
Pulmonary (critical care)	1	7	3
Pulmonary medicine	0	0	1
Rheumatology	0	2	2
Neurology	0	0	7
NMM and OMM	-1	-2	1
NMM plus 1	3	8	-4
Obstetrics and Gynecology	-1	-17	30
Gynecologic oncology	0	0	2
Maternal and fetal medicine	0	0	-1
Reproductive endocrinology	1	3	-1
Ophthalmology	0	0	2
Orthopedic Surgery	2	23	12
Hand surgery	0	0	0
Musculoskeletal oncology	1	1	0
Orthopedic spine surgery	-1	-2	0
Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery	1	9	6
Otolaryngic allergy	1	3	0
Pathology	0	0	0
Forensic pathology	0	0	0
Pediatrics	1	21	13
Pediatric allergy and immunology	0	0	0
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine	1	9	-3
Preventive Medicine and Public Health	0	0	-1
Preventive medicine (occupational and environmental)	0	0	0
Proctology	0	0	-1
Psychiatry	2	24	16
Child psychiatry	1	4	2
Geriatric psychiatry	0	0	1
Surgery (General)	1	49	26
Cardiothoracic surgery	0	0	0
General vascular surgery	1	2	3
Neurological surgery	0	4	-3
Plastic and reconstructive surgery	0	0	0
Urologic surgery	1	16	2
Combined
Emergency medicine and family medicine	-1	-4	1
Emergency medicine and internal medicine	-1	-4	2
Integrated family medicine/NMM	2	24	0
Pediatrics and internal medicine	-1	-8	0
Conjoint^a
Hospice and palliative care	1	1	1
Pediatric emergency medicine	0	0	0
Sleep medicine	0	0	-1
Sports medicine	0	0	3
Undersea and hyperbaric medicine	0	0	0
Total	35	609	484

^a Hospice and palliative care, pediatric emergency medicine, sleep medicine, sports medicine, and undersea and hyperbaric medicine are fellowships governed by Conjoint Standards by 2 or more specialties.

Abbreviations: AOA, American Osteopathic Association; NMM, neuromusculoskeletal medicine; OMM, osteopathic manipulative medicine.

Sources: AOA Intern/Resident Contracts received by the division of postdoctoral training for the academic years shown (taken annually on May 31); and AOA's Trainee Information, Verification and Registration Audit system, or TIVRA, academic years 2010-2011.

Primary care continues to be a popular choice among trainees. Family practice and internal medicine trainees account for 23.5% and 16.3% of all osteopathic residents, respectively.

Other Trends in Postdoctoral Training Programs

Dual Programs

Most dually accredited training programs are programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) that carved out slots specifically for osteopathic trainees. Programs accredited by the ACGME that become AOA approved can maximize funding from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services by filling training positions with osteopathic physicians.⁹ Osteopathic trainees who complete a residency in a dual program are registered as completing both AOA and ACGME training programs and are eligible to become board certified by the AOA, the American Board of Medical Specialties, or both. As of May 31, 2011, a total of 2108 approved positions in 171 residency programs were dually accredited by the AOA and the ACGME.^7,9

Geographic Distribution

Figure 2 is a map that depicts the geographic concentration of approved OGME positions. Programs approved by the AOA are located in 38 of the 50 states. Approximately 55% of all AOA-approved training positions are located in the following 4 states: Michigan, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Florida had the most growth in 2010-2011 with an increase of 10 programs and 196 approved positions. Also of note are increases in New York, with an additional 79 positions; Michigan, with an additional 58 positions; and New Jersey, with an additional 48 positions. Internship and residency data by state for the 2010-2011 academic year are also provided in Table 1.

Figure 2.

Total approved internship and residency positions by state.

View Original | Slide (.ppt)

OGME Data Analysis

Data reports continue to show modest but steady increases in available OGME positions and trainees in AOA-approved slots. However, the percentage of growth has not kept up with the increasing number of graduating DOs each year. This insufficient growth has resulted in a decline of market share of DOs training in AOA-approved programs. Strategies to increase the number of training positions for graduating DOs have clearly become a new priority for the osteopathic medical profession. It is likely that DO students are looking for more training options in the AOA match, particularly in specialties and locations of interest, while efforts to increase primary care positions remain a priority of the government.¹⁰

Conclusion

Although postdoctoral training positions have increased, the rate of increase has not kept up with the rate of students graduating from DO schools. Strategies to increase the number of residency slots for DO students continue to be an important priority for the osteopathic community.

Financial Disclosures: None reported.

References

1

Freeman E, DeRosier A, Lischka TA. Osteopathic graduate medical education 2011. J Am Osteopathic Assoc. 2011;111(4):234-243. http://www.jaoa.org/content/111/4/234.full. Accessed February 17, 2011.

2

Freeman E, Lischka TA. Osteopathic graduate medical education. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2009;109(3):135-145. http://www.jaoa.org/content/109/3/135.full. Accessed January 27, 2011.

3

Burkhart DN, Lischka TA. Osteopathic graduate medical education. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2008;108(3):127-137. http://www.jaoa.org/content/108/3/127.full. Accessed January 27, 2011.

4

Burkhart DN. Match statistics. Presented at: AOA Council on Postdoctoral Training. July 22-23 , 2011; Chicago, IL.

5

American Osteopathic Association. The Basic Documents for Postdoctoral Training. Chicago, IL: American Osteopathic Association; 2011. http://www.osteopathic.org/inside-aoa/accreditation/postdoctoral-training-approval/postdoctoral-training-standards/Documents/aoa-basic-document-for-pos|tdoctoral-training.pdf. Accessed December 27, 2011.

6

Brotherton SE, Etzel SI. Graduate medical education, 2010-2011. JAMA. 2011;306(9):1015-1030. http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/306/9/1015.full. Accessed March 14, 2012.

7

Freeman E, Duffy T, Lischka TA. Osteopathic graduate medical education 2010. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2010;110(3):150-159. http://www.jaoa.org/content/110/3/150.full. Accessed January 27, 2012.

8

Burkhart DN, Lischka TA. Dual and parallel postdoctoral training programs: implications for the osteopathic medical profession. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2009;109(3):146-153. http://www.jaoa.org/content/109/3/146.full. Accessed March 12, 2010.

9

Burkhart DN, Lischka TA. Dual and parallel postdoctoral training programs: implications for the osteopathic medical profession. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2011;111(4):247-256. http://www.jaoa.org/content/111/4/247.full. Accessed March 6, 2012.

10

Council on Graduate Medical Education. Twentieth Report: Advancing Primary Care. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; December 2010. http://www.hrsa.gov/advisorycommittees/bhpradvisory/cogme/reports/twentiethreport.pdf. Accessed March 6, 2012.

Figure 1.

Trends of osteopathic physician (ie, DO) enrollment in osteopathic and allopathic postdoctoral training programs.^4-6 Data may change and should be considered incomplete until finalized in the 2013 osteopathic medical education issue of JAOA—The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. Data for academic years 1999-2000 through 2009-2010 were previously published in the JAOA.^{7 a}Total college of osteopathic medicine (COM) graduates do not include previous years' graduates. ^bTotal DOs in American Osteopathic Association (AOA) internships include trainees who matched to osteopathic internship positions during both the Match and post-Match scramble. ^cRestructuring of the AOA internship, effective July 1, 2008. Abbreviation: ACGME, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.

View Original | Slide (.ppt)

Figure 2.

Total approved internship and residency positions by state.

View Original | Slide (.ppt)

Table 1.

No. of AOA-Approved Residency and Internship Programs and Trainees Filling Available Positions as Reported by State, 2010-2011 Academic Year^a

	Internship Programs			Residency Programs			Total
State	Programs	Positions	Trainees	Programs	Positions	Trainees	Programs	Positions	Trainees
Alabama	0	0	0	1	18	0	1	18	0
Alaska	0	0	0	1	9	6	1	9	6
Arizona	0	0	0	8	82	45	8	82	45
Arkansas	0	0	0	2	15	4	2	15	4
California	6	69	34	25	317	205	31	386	239
Colorado	0	0	0	2	39	10	2	39	10
Connecticut	1	12	0	1	11	8	2	23	8
Delaware	1	15	10	1	24	9	2	39	19
Florida	9	122	65	58	734	378	67	856	443
Georgia	1	4	2	4	47	15	5	51	17
Illinois	4	36	30	42	443	286	46	479	316
Indiana	1	3	1	3	23	15	4	26	16
Iowa	0	0	0	4	40	30	4	40	30
Kansas	0	0	0	1	13	12	1	13	12
Kentucky	2	9	6	6	51	18	8	60	24
Maine	0	0	0	6	72	46	6	72	46
Massachusetts	1	4	4	2	18	13	3	22	17
Michigan	20	202	88	191	1947	1351	211	2149	1439
Minnesota	0	0	0	2	14	13	2	14	13
Mississippi	0	0	0	3	30	13	3	30	13
Missouri	3	15	11	21	166	120	24	181	131
Nevada	1	15	12	7	95	62	8	110	74
New Jersey	6	72	28	56	628	366	62	700	394
New York	18	218	107	69	918	554	87	1136	661
North Carolina	2	17	1	4	52	8	6	69	9
Ohio	10	94	29	100	898	632	110	992	661
Oklahoma	2	16	5	28	291	227	30	307	232
Oregon	1	12	6	8	76	19	9	88	25
Pennsylvania	31	254	119	99	1213	839	130	1467	958
Rhode Island	0	0	0	4	50	28	4	50	28
South Carolina	0	0	0	1	14	13	1	14	13
Tennessee	0	0	0	3	33	17	3	33	17
Texas	4	32	7	24	209	120	28	241	127
Virginia	3	26	12	14	218	96	17	244	108
Washington	0	0	0	3	17	8	3	17	8
West Virginia	7	37	14	20	223	100	27	260	114
Wisconsin	0	0	0	2	50	38	2	50	38
Wyoming	0	0	0	1	12	7	1	12	7
Total	134	1284	591	827	9110	5731	961	10,394	6322

^a Data shown represent positions approved by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) Program and Trainee Review Council for the academic year indicated. Data are current as of May 31, 2011. No internship or residency positions are currently approved by the AOA in the District of Columbia or in the following states: Hawaii, Idaho, Louisiana, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Vermont.

Source: Training Programs by State: Year-End Reports, Division of Postdoctoral Training, AOA, Chicago, Illinois.

View Large

Table 1.

No. of AOA-Approved Residency and Internship Programs and Trainees Filling Available Positions as Reported by State, 2010-2011 Academic Year^a

	Internship Programs			Residency Programs			Total
State	Programs	Positions	Trainees	Programs	Positions	Trainees	Programs	Positions	Trainees
Alabama	0	0	0	1	18	0	1	18	0
Alaska	0	0	0	1	9	6	1	9	6
Arizona	0	0	0	8	82	45	8	82	45
Arkansas	0	0	0	2	15	4	2	15	4
California	6	69	34	25	317	205	31	386	239
Colorado	0	0	0	2	39	10	2	39	10
Connecticut	1	12	0	1	11	8	2	23	8
Delaware	1	15	10	1	24	9	2	39	19
Florida	9	122	65	58	734	378	67	856	443
Georgia	1	4	2	4	47	15	5	51	17
Illinois	4	36	30	42	443	286	46	479	316
Indiana	1	3	1	3	23	15	4	26	16
Iowa	0	0	0	4	40	30	4	40	30
Kansas	0	0	0	1	13	12	1	13	12
Kentucky	2	9	6	6	51	18	8	60	24
Maine	0	0	0	6	72	46	6	72	46
Massachusetts	1	4	4	2	18	13	3	22	17
Michigan	20	202	88	191	1947	1351	211	2149	1439
Minnesota	0	0	0	2	14	13	2	14	13
Mississippi	0	0	0	3	30	13	3	30	13
Missouri	3	15	11	21	166	120	24	181	131
Nevada	1	15	12	7	95	62	8	110	74
New Jersey	6	72	28	56	628	366	62	700	394
New York	18	218	107	69	918	554	87	1136	661
North Carolina	2	17	1	4	52	8	6	69	9
Ohio	10	94	29	100	898	632	110	992	661
Oklahoma	2	16	5	28	291	227	30	307	232
Oregon	1	12	6	8	76	19	9	88	25
Pennsylvania	31	254	119	99	1213	839	130	1467	958
Rhode Island	0	0	0	4	50	28	4	50	28
South Carolina	0	0	0	1	14	13	1	14	13
Tennessee	0	0	0	3	33	17	3	33	17
Texas	4	32	7	24	209	120	28	241	127
Virginia	3	26	12	14	218	96	17	244	108
Washington	0	0	0	3	17	8	3	17	8
West Virginia	7	37	14	20	223	100	27	260	114
Wisconsin	0	0	0	2	50	38	2	50	38
Wyoming	0	0	0	1	12	7	1	12	7
Total	134	1284	591	827	9110	5731	961	10,394	6322

^a Data shown represent positions approved by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) Program and Trainee Review Council for the academic year indicated. Data are current as of May 31, 2011. No internship or residency positions are currently approved by the AOA in the District of Columbia or in the following states: Hawaii, Idaho, Louisiana, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Vermont.

Source: Training Programs by State: Year-End Reports, Division of Postdoctoral Training, AOA, Chicago, Illinois.

Table 2.

No. of AOA-Approved Residency Programs, Positions, and Residents as Reported by Academic Year and Specialty

	2008-2009			2009-2010			2010-2011
Specialty	Programs	Positions	Residents	Programs	Positions	Residents	Programs	Positions	Residents
Anesthesiology	12	107	92	12	112	96	12	118	107
Anesthesiology and pain management	2	3	1	2	3	2	2	3	2
Pediatric anesthesiology	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	0
Dermatology	20	123	93	22	130	94	23	137	106
MOHS micrographic surgery	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
Diagnostic Radiology	14	133	120	15	156	114	15	161	129
Pediatric radiology	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	0
Radiology (vascular interventional)	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Emergency Medicine	43	979	780	44	1007	810	45	1042	839
Emergency medical service	2	3	0	1	1	0	1	1	1
Family Practice	184	2341	1056	187	2391	1213	192	2553	1347
Geriatrics (family practice)	6	27	2	8	33	2	10	37	2
Internal Medicine	88	1320	672	96	1476	796	102	1672	935
Allergy and immunology	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	0
Cardiac electrophysiology	1	3	0	2	5	1	2	5	0
Cardiology	23	148	84	23	148	82	24	156	90
Cardiology (interventional)	10	25	9	11	28	5	12	29	11
Critical care medicine	5	13	4	7	17	7	8	20	8
Endocrinology	3	6	4	3	6	3	3	6	3
Gastroenterology	12	51	24	13	60	32	13	63	39
Geriatrics (internal medicine)	3	11	0	4	13	0	5	15	2
Hematology and oncology	4	11	5	5	14	9	5	14	11
Infectious diseases	2	8	2	2	8	2	2	8	2
Nephrology	7	20	8	7	20	10	7	20	8
Oncology	3	9	1	4	12	0	4	12	0
Pulmonary (critical care)	7	22	11	7	24	14	8	31	17
Pulmonary medicine	4	11	2	4	11	2	4	11	3
Rheumatology	3	8	7	4	10	7	4	12	9
Neurology	7	61	31	7	74	47	7	74	54
NMM and OMM	8	38	17	8	40	16	7	38	17
NMM Plus 1	19	62	14	17	55	24	20	63	20
Obstetrics and Gynecology	31	370	247	30	380	265	29	363	295
Gynecologic oncology	3	9	7	3	9	6	3	9	8
Maternal and fetal medicine	2	7	6	3	10	5	3	10	4
Reproductive endocrinology	1	3	2	3	9	2	4	12	1
Ophthalmology	12	57	44	12	58	44	12	58	46
Orthopedic Surgery	31	465	393	33	497	407	35	520	419
Hand surgery	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	0
Musculoskeletal oncology	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Orthopedic spine surgery	2	3	0	2	3	0	1	1	0
Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery	19	132	103	19	134	114	20	143	120
Otolaryngic allergy	2	6	1	2	6	3	3	9	3
Pathology	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Forensic pathology	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
Pediatrics	17	225	130	17	229	140	18	250	153
Pediatric allergy and immunology	1	2	2	1	2	2	1	2	2
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine	3	28	23	3	29	26	4	38	23
Preventive Medicine and Public Health	1	3	0	1	3	1	1	3	0
Preventive Medicine (Occupational and Environmental)	1	3	0	1	3	1	1	3	1
Proctology	2	5	2	2	5	3	2	5	2
Psychiatry	9	95	32	11	127	49	13	151	65
Child psychiatry	2	8	4	2	8	1	3	12	3
Geriatric psychiatry	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	1
Surgery (General)	41	536	435	42	571	455	43	620	481
Cardiothoracic surgery	1	9	0	1	9	0	1	9	0
General vascular surgery	9	20	4	7	15	3	8	17	6
Neurologic surgery	11	97	81	11	99	86	11	103	83
Plastic and reconstructive surgery	6	21	16	7	24	16	7	24	16
Urologic surgery	11	123	55	9	82	66	10	98	68
Combined
Emergency medicine and family medicine	5	59	32	5	64	37	4	60	38
Emergency medicine and internal medicine	12	130	92	12	133	80	11	129	82
Integrated family medicine/NMM	7	49	21	6	40	18	8	64	18
Pediatrics and internal medicine	2	18	10	2	18	10	1	10	10
Conjoint^a
Hospice and palliative care	2	4	0	4	9	1	5	10	2
Pediatric emergency medicine	NA	NA	NA	1	6	0	1	6	0
Sleep medicine	1	2	0	1	2	1	1	2	0
Sports medicine	16	47	12	17	47	16	17	47	19
Undersea and hyperbaric medicine	NA	NA	NA	1	2	0	1	2	0
Total	762	8094	4794	792	8501	5247	827	9110	5731

^a Hospice and palliative care, pediatric emergency medicine, sleep medicine, sports medicine, and undersea and hyperbaric medicine are fellowships governed by Conjoint Standards by 2 or more specialties.

Abbreviations: AOA, American Osteopathic Association; NMM, neuromusculoskeletal medicine; OMM, osteopathic manipulative medicine.

Sources: AOA Intern/Resident Contracts received by the division of postdoctoral training for the academic years shown (taken annually on May 31); and AOA's Trainee Information, Verification and Registration Audit system, or TIVRA, academic years 2010-2011. Data for the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 academic years have been reported previously in JAOA—The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.^1,7

View Large

Table 2.

No. of AOA-Approved Residency Programs, Positions, and Residents as Reported by Academic Year and Specialty

	2008-2009			2009-2010			2010-2011
Specialty	Programs	Positions	Residents	Programs	Positions	Residents	Programs	Positions	Residents
Anesthesiology	12	107	92	12	112	96	12	118	107
Anesthesiology and pain management	2	3	1	2	3	2	2	3	2
Pediatric anesthesiology	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	0
Dermatology	20	123	93	22	130	94	23	137	106
MOHS micrographic surgery	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
Diagnostic Radiology	14	133	120	15	156	114	15	161	129
Pediatric radiology	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	0
Radiology (vascular interventional)	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Emergency Medicine	43	979	780	44	1007	810	45	1042	839
Emergency medical service	2	3	0	1	1	0	1	1	1
Family Practice	184	2341	1056	187	2391	1213	192	2553	1347
Geriatrics (family practice)	6	27	2	8	33	2	10	37	2
Internal Medicine	88	1320	672	96	1476	796	102	1672	935
Allergy and immunology	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	0
Cardiac electrophysiology	1	3	0	2	5	1	2	5	0
Cardiology	23	148	84	23	148	82	24	156	90
Cardiology (interventional)	10	25	9	11	28	5	12	29	11
Critical care medicine	5	13	4	7	17	7	8	20	8
Endocrinology	3	6	4	3	6	3	3	6	3
Gastroenterology	12	51	24	13	60	32	13	63	39
Geriatrics (internal medicine)	3	11	0	4	13	0	5	15	2
Hematology and oncology	4	11	5	5	14	9	5	14	11
Infectious diseases	2	8	2	2	8	2	2	8	2
Nephrology	7	20	8	7	20	10	7	20	8
Oncology	3	9	1	4	12	0	4	12	0
Pulmonary (critical care)	7	22	11	7	24	14	8	31	17
Pulmonary medicine	4	11	2	4	11	2	4	11	3
Rheumatology	3	8	7	4	10	7	4	12	9
Neurology	7	61	31	7	74	47	7	74	54
NMM and OMM	8	38	17	8	40	16	7	38	17
NMM Plus 1	19	62	14	17	55	24	20	63	20
Obstetrics and Gynecology	31	370	247	30	380	265	29	363	295
Gynecologic oncology	3	9	7	3	9	6	3	9	8
Maternal and fetal medicine	2	7	6	3	10	5	3	10	4
Reproductive endocrinology	1	3	2	3	9	2	4	12	1
Ophthalmology	12	57	44	12	58	44	12	58	46
Orthopedic Surgery	31	465	393	33	497	407	35	520	419
Hand surgery	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	0
Musculoskeletal oncology	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Orthopedic spine surgery	2	3	0	2	3	0	1	1	0
Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery	19	132	103	19	134	114	20	143	120
Otolaryngic allergy	2	6	1	2	6	3	3	9	3
Pathology	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Forensic pathology	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
Pediatrics	17	225	130	17	229	140	18	250	153
Pediatric allergy and immunology	1	2	2	1	2	2	1	2	2
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine	3	28	23	3	29	26	4	38	23
Preventive Medicine and Public Health	1	3	0	1	3	1	1	3	0
Preventive Medicine (Occupational and Environmental)	1	3	0	1	3	1	1	3	1
Proctology	2	5	2	2	5	3	2	5	2
Psychiatry	9	95	32	11	127	49	13	151	65
Child psychiatry	2	8	4	2	8	1	3	12	3
Geriatric psychiatry	1	3	0	1	3	0	1	3	1
Surgery (General)	41	536	435	42	571	455	43	620	481
Cardiothoracic surgery	1	9	0	1	9	0	1	9	0
General vascular surgery	9	20	4	7	15	3	8	17	6
Neurologic surgery	11	97	81	11	99	86	11	103	83
Plastic and reconstructive surgery	6	21	16	7	24	16	7	24	16
Urologic surgery	11	123	55	9	82	66	10	98	68
Combined
Emergency medicine and family medicine	5	59	32	5	64	37	4	60	38
Emergency medicine and internal medicine	12	130	92	12	133	80	11	129	82
Integrated family medicine/NMM	7	49	21	6	40	18	8	64	18
Pediatrics and internal medicine	2	18	10	2	18	10	1	10	10
Conjoint^a
Hospice and palliative care	2	4	0	4	9	1	5	10	2
Pediatric emergency medicine	NA	NA	NA	1	6	0	1	6	0
Sleep medicine	1	2	0	1	2	1	1	2	0
Sports medicine	16	47	12	17	47	16	17	47	19
Undersea and hyperbaric medicine	NA	NA	NA	1	2	0	1	2	0
Total	762	8094	4794	792	8501	5247	827	9110	5731

^a Hospice and palliative care, pediatric emergency medicine, sleep medicine, sports medicine, and undersea and hyperbaric medicine are fellowships governed by Conjoint Standards by 2 or more specialties.

Abbreviations: AOA, American Osteopathic Association; NMM, neuromusculoskeletal medicine; OMM, osteopathic manipulative medicine.

Sources: AOA Intern/Resident Contracts received by the division of postdoctoral training for the academic years shown (taken annually on May 31); and AOA's Trainee Information, Verification and Registration Audit system, or TIVRA, academic years 2010-2011. Data for the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 academic years have been reported previously in JAOA—The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.^1,7

Table 3.

Net Growth From the 2009-2010 to 2010-2011 Academic Years of AOA-Approved Residency Programs, Positions, and Residents as Reported by Specialty

	No.
Specialty	Programs	Positions	Residents
Anesthesiology	0	6	11
Anesthesiology and pain management	0	0	0
Pediatric anesthesiology	0	0	0
Dermatology	1	7	12
MOHS micrographic surgery	0	0	-1
Diagnostic Radiology	0	5	15
Pediatric radiology	0	0	0
Radiology (vascular interventional)	0	0	0
Emergency Medicine	1	35	29
Emergency medical service	0	0	1
Family Practice	5	162	134
Geriatrics (family practice)	2	4	0
Internal Medicine	6	196	139
Allergy and immunology	1	4	0
Cardiac electrophysiology	0	0	-1
Cardiology	1	8	8
Cardiology (interventional)	1	1	6
Critical care medicine	1	3	1
Endocrinology	0	0	0
Gastroenterology	0	3	7
Geriatrics (internal medicine)	1	2	2
Hematology and oncology	0	0	2
Infectious diseases	0	0	0
Nephrology	0	0	-2
Oncology	0	0	0
Pulmonary (critical care)	1	7	3
Pulmonary medicine	0	0	1
Rheumatology	0	2	2
Neurology	0	0	7
NMM and OMM	-1	-2	1
NMM plus 1	3	8	-4
Obstetrics and Gynecology	-1	-17	30
Gynecologic oncology	0	0	2
Maternal and fetal medicine	0	0	-1
Reproductive endocrinology	1	3	-1
Ophthalmology	0	0	2
Orthopedic Surgery	2	23	12
Hand surgery	0	0	0
Musculoskeletal oncology	1	1	0
Orthopedic spine surgery	-1	-2	0
Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery	1	9	6
Otolaryngic allergy	1	3	0
Pathology	0	0	0
Forensic pathology	0	0	0
Pediatrics	1	21	13
Pediatric allergy and immunology	0	0	0
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine	1	9	-3
Preventive Medicine and Public Health	0	0	-1
Preventive medicine (occupational and environmental)	0	0	0
Proctology	0	0	-1
Psychiatry	2	24	16
Child psychiatry	1	4	2
Geriatric psychiatry	0	0	1
Surgery (General)	1	49	26
Cardiothoracic surgery	0	0	0
General vascular surgery	1	2	3
Neurological surgery	0	4	-3
Plastic and reconstructive surgery	0	0	0
Urologic surgery	1	16	2
Combined
Emergency medicine and family medicine	-1	-4	1
Emergency medicine and internal medicine	-1	-4	2
Integrated family medicine/NMM	2	24	0
Pediatrics and internal medicine	-1	-8	0
Conjoint^a
Hospice and palliative care	1	1	1
Pediatric emergency medicine	0	0	0
Sleep medicine	0	0	-1
Sports medicine	0	0	3
Undersea and hyperbaric medicine	0	0	0
Total	35	609	484

^a Hospice and palliative care, pediatric emergency medicine, sleep medicine, sports medicine, and undersea and hyperbaric medicine are fellowships governed by Conjoint Standards by 2 or more specialties.

Abbreviations: AOA, American Osteopathic Association; NMM, neuromusculoskeletal medicine; OMM, osteopathic manipulative medicine.

Sources: AOA Intern/Resident Contracts received by the division of postdoctoral training for the academic years shown (taken annually on May 31); and AOA's Trainee Information, Verification and Registration Audit system, or TIVRA, academic years 2010-2011.

View Large

Table 3.

Net Growth From the 2009-2010 to 2010-2011 Academic Years of AOA-Approved Residency Programs, Positions, and Residents as Reported by Specialty

	No.
Specialty	Programs	Positions	Residents
Anesthesiology	0	6	11
Anesthesiology and pain management	0	0	0
Pediatric anesthesiology	0	0	0
Dermatology	1	7	12
MOHS micrographic surgery	0	0	-1
Diagnostic Radiology	0	5	15
Pediatric radiology	0	0	0
Radiology (vascular interventional)	0	0	0
Emergency Medicine	1	35	29
Emergency medical service	0	0	1
Family Practice	5	162	134
Geriatrics (family practice)	2	4	0
Internal Medicine	6	196	139
Allergy and immunology	1	4	0
Cardiac electrophysiology	0	0	-1
Cardiology	1	8	8
Cardiology (interventional)	1	1	6
Critical care medicine	1	3	1
Endocrinology	0	0	0
Gastroenterology	0	3	7
Geriatrics (internal medicine)	1	2	2
Hematology and oncology	0	0	2
Infectious diseases	0	0	0
Nephrology	0	0	-2
Oncology	0	0	0
Pulmonary (critical care)	1	7	3
Pulmonary medicine	0	0	1
Rheumatology	0	2	2
Neurology	0	0	7
NMM and OMM	-1	-2	1
NMM plus 1	3	8	-4
Obstetrics and Gynecology	-1	-17	30
Gynecologic oncology	0	0	2
Maternal and fetal medicine	0	0	-1
Reproductive endocrinology	1	3	-1
Ophthalmology	0	0	2
Orthopedic Surgery	2	23	12
Hand surgery	0	0	0
Musculoskeletal oncology	1	1	0
Orthopedic spine surgery	-1	-2	0
Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery	1	9	6
Otolaryngic allergy	1	3	0
Pathology	0	0	0
Forensic pathology	0	0	0
Pediatrics	1	21	13
Pediatric allergy and immunology	0	0	0
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine	1	9	-3
Preventive Medicine and Public Health	0	0	-1
Preventive medicine (occupational and environmental)	0	0	0
Proctology	0	0	-1
Psychiatry	2	24	16
Child psychiatry	1	4	2
Geriatric psychiatry	0	0	1
Surgery (General)	1	49	26
Cardiothoracic surgery	0	0	0
General vascular surgery	1	2	3
Neurological surgery	0	4	-3
Plastic and reconstructive surgery	0	0	0
Urologic surgery	1	16	2
Combined
Emergency medicine and family medicine	-1	-4	1
Emergency medicine and internal medicine	-1	-4	2
Integrated family medicine/NMM	2	24	0
Pediatrics and internal medicine	-1	-8	0
Conjoint^a
Hospice and palliative care	1	1	1
Pediatric emergency medicine	0	0	0
Sleep medicine	0	0	-1
Sports medicine	0	0	3
Undersea and hyperbaric medicine	0	0	0
Total	35	609	484

^a Hospice and palliative care, pediatric emergency medicine, sleep medicine, sports medicine, and undersea and hyperbaric medicine are fellowships governed by Conjoint Standards by 2 or more specialties.

Abbreviations: AOA, American Osteopathic Association; NMM, neuromusculoskeletal medicine; OMM, osteopathic manipulative medicine.

Sources: AOA Intern/Resident Contracts received by the division of postdoctoral training for the academic years shown (taken annually on May 31); and AOA's Trainee Information, Verification and Registration Audit system, or TIVRA, academic years 2010-2011.

Osteopathic Graduate Medical Education 2012

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