Increasingly, many newer treatment options, guidelines, and algorithms are bringing attention to the appropriate use of incretin-based treatments, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists, for patients with T2DM. These treatments, which are similar to oral agents in effectively controlling blood glucose levels, can address pathophysiologic defects, including α-cell and β-cell dysfunction. These agents are weight neutral or promote weight loss, they have a low risk of hypoglycemia, and they have no known bone or cardiovascular risks.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are available in injectable form in convenient pen devices and have adverse effect profiles that can be effectively managed with patient education and counseling. As additional forms of these agents become available, it is expected that GLP-1 receptor agonists will play an expanded role in the long-term treatment of patients with T2DM.