A 49-year-old African American woman presented to the emergency department with a 3-week history of worsening dyspnea on exertion and severe pleuritic chest pain. Her past medical history was notable for alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis, with the last flare having occurred 4 months before her presentation. Three days prior to presentation, the patient underwent therapeutic thoracocentesis at an outside hospital, 2 L of fluid was removed, and she was discharged to home.
Our review of systems was positive for nausea without vomiting and diffuse abdominal pain with radiation to the back. The patient denied associated diarrhea or urinary complaints and reported no other past medical or surgical history. She was not taking medication. The patient denied drug allergies, and her family history was noncontributory. The patient's social history included a 6-year history of 5 alcoholic drinks per day after the death of her husband, with her last drink 1 year before presentation. She also reported a 10 pack-year smoking history and occasional marijuana use. Physical examination was positive for decreased breath sounds on the left side of the chest and diffuse tenderness to abdominal palpation. The patient's vital signs and laboratory test results are listed in the
Table.
A chest radiograph revealed a large, left-sided pleural effusion with mediastinal structures shifted to the right. At this time, the patient was admitted to the hospital. Thoracentesis performed on the day of admission removed 1.5 L of fluid and provided the patient with substantial symptomatic relief. Pleural fluid analysis was positive for an elevated pancreatic amylase level of 23,678 U/L, which is suggestive of an underlying pancreaticopleural fistula. Arterial blood gas analysis—pH, 7.20; PCO2, 23.1 mm Hg; PO2, 108.0 mm Hg; bicarbonate, 9 mmol/L; oxygen saturation, 97.1%—identified a non–anion gap metabolic acidosis (anion gap, 10 mmol/L). The patient's baseline anion gap obtained from previous hospitalization records was 6 mmol/L. Urine chemistry values—sodium, 126 mmol/L; chloride, 156 mmol/L; potassium, 21.2 mmol/L; creatine, 59.0 mmol/L—were within normal limits.
Octreotide acetate (100 μg by means of subcutaneous injection every 8 hours) was administered to decrease pancreatic secretions and an oral diet was permitted as tolerated. Findings from computed tomography of the chest showed chronic calcifications of the pancreas and 2 small pseudocysts in the pancreatic genu region. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed a small connection between the pancreas and the thoracic cavity. A stent was placed in the perforated main pancreatic duct by using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The procedure was well tolerated, and the patient was continued on octreotide acetate therapy and was observed for 3 additional days in the hospital. The patient's clinical condition improved, and a follow-up chest radiograph on day 5 of admission revealed a decrease in the pleural effusion The patient was discharged to home 5 days after being admitted. Two weeks after discharge, the patient returned for follow-up and reported no chest pain, shortness of breath, or abdominal pain.