▪ Randomized Controlled Trial | | | |
□ Auvert et al, 20097 | Urethra (swab/PCR) | Orange Farm, South Africa (males aged 18-24 years) | 1264 (50) |
□ Gray et al, 201034 | Coronal sulcus and glans penis (swab/PCR) | Rakai, Uganda (males aged 15-49 years) | 780 (43) |
□ Serwadda et al, 20106 | Coronal sulcus and glans penis (swab/PCR) | Rakai, Uganda (HIV-positive males aged 15-49 years) | 210 (49) |
□ Tobian et al, 200931 | Coronal sulcus and preputial space (swab/PCR) | Rakai, Uganda (males aged 15-49 years) | 3393 (50) |
▪ Longitudinal | | | |
□ Hernandez et al, 201036 | Coronal sulcus and glans penis, shaft, scrotum (textured paper, swab/PCR) | University of Hawaii (≥18-year-old male university students) | 357 (81) |
□ Lajous et al, 200519 | Scrotum, shaft, coronal sulcus, urethral meatus* (swab/PCR) | Mexico City, Mexico (male soldiers aged 16-40 years) | 336 (13.1) |
□ Lavreys et al, 199921 | Clinical diagnosis of genital warts (not applicable) | Mombasa, Kenya (HIV-seronegative trucking company employees) | 746 (87) |
□ Lu et al, 200922 | Coronal sulcus and glans penis, shaft, scrotum† (swab/PCR) | Southern Arizona (male residents aged 18-44 years with no current or prior diagnosis of any STI) | 285 (88) |
□ Partridge et al, 200728 | Glans, shaft, scrotum, urine, fingernails† (emery paper, swab, or cytobrush/PCR) | University of Washington in Seattle (male university students aged 18-20 years) | 240 (76.7) |
▪ Cross-Sectional | | | |
□ Giuliano et al, 200917 | Coronal sulcus and glans penis, shaft, scrotum* (swab/PCR) | Sao Paulo, Brazil; Morelos, Mexico; University of Florida (male residents aged 18-70 years with no current or prior diagnosis of any STI) | 988 (40.3) |
□ Hernandez et al, 200818 | Coronal sulcus and glans penis, shaft, scrotum, semen, urine (textured paper, swab/PCR) | University of Hawaii (≥18-year-old male university students) | 351 (79) |
□ Muller et al, 201035 | Coronal sulcus and glans penis, shaft, perianal region if warts present* (swab/PCR) | Johannesburg, South Africa (≥18-year-old men attending a sexual health clinic) | 214 (26) |
□ Nielson et al, 200724 | Coronal sulcus and glans penis, shaft, scrotum, perianal region, urethra, anal canal, semen† (swab/PCR) | Tucson, AZ, and Tampa, FL (men aged 18-40 years with no previous genital warts, anogenital cancer diagnosis, or current STI) | 463 (84) |
□ Nielson et al, 200925 | Coronal sulcus and glans penis, shaft, scrotum, semen, urethra, perianal region, anal canal (swab/PCR) | Tucson, AZ, and Tampa, FL (men aged 18-40 years with no previous genital warts, anogenital cancer diagnosis, or current STI) | 463 (84) |
□ Svare et al, 200230 | Coronal sulcus and glans penis, shaft, scrotum, perianal region* (swab/PCR) | Copenhagen, Denmark (STD clinic male patients) | 216 (12) |
□ Vaccarella et al, 200632 | Coronal sulcus and glans penis, shaft, scrotum* (cytobrush/PCR) | 14 states in Mexico (men requesting vasectomy in public clinics) | 779 (31.7) |