Evidence-based “Nutrition Principles and Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes and Related Complications” outline the goals of medical nutrition therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Those goals are (1) to attain and maintain optimal metabolic outcomes, (2) to prevent and treat the chronic complications of diabetes, (3) to improve health through healthy food choices and through physical activity, and (4) to address individual patient nutritional needs. Discussion focuses on moderate caloric restriction and an increase in physical activity. Carbohydrate counting is offered as an option for all patients with diabetes. Working with other health care professionals can be a benefit to both the primary health care provider and the patient.